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The Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) is an essential institution in the Indian governance system, particularly in the context of formulating and implementing foreign policy. Under the leadership of the Prime Minister, the PMO plays a pivotal role in shaping India’s diplomatic outreach, securing strategic partnerships, and managing international relations. The PMO’s influence is not just…

India’s foreign policy is based on a set of clear and consistent objectives aimed at safeguarding its national interests, promoting regional stability, and enhancing its global stature. Since its independence in 1947, India has pursued an independent and non-aligned foreign policy, focusing on peace, development, and the welfare of its people. The primary objectives of…

The making of Indian foreign policy has traditionally been the domain of the government and the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA). However, in recent decades, social movements, NGOs, and think tanks have increasingly played important roles in shaping and influencing India’s foreign policy. 3.1 Social Movements: Social movements in India, such as those advocating for…

India’s engagement with South-East Asia has evolved significantly over the past few decades, transitioning from limited interactions to a comprehensive strategic partnership. This transformation is primarily driven by the “Act East Policy,” which aims to enhance economic, political, and cultural ties with the region.(Wikipedia) 5.1 Historical Context India’s historical connections with South-East Asia date back…

Definition and Conceptual Basis: Humanitarian intervention refers to the use of military or non-military force by a state or a group of states within the territory of another sovereign state, without the consent of its government, with the primary aim of preventing or stopping widespread human suffering, especially in the case of gross human rights…

Understanding the Debate: The environment versus development debate is one of the central dilemmas in modern public policy and global discourse. It revolves around the challenge of achieving economic development, especially in the Global South, without causing irreparable damage to the environment. The core question is: how can nations pursue industrial growth, infrastructure expansion, and…

The media plays a crucial role in shaping the public discourse, informing citizens, and influencing government policies. In the context of foreign policy, the media acts as both a facilitator and a challenge, influencing public perception, framing international issues, and acting as an intermediary between the government and the public. The media’s influence on foreign…

The Indian Diaspora refers to the large and widespread community of people of Indian origin who have migrated or settled outside of India. The Indian Diaspora is one of the largest and most diverse in the world, with significant populations in countries such as the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Mauritius, South Africa, Fiji, Middle…

The National Security Council (NSC) of India is the principal body responsible for advising the Prime Minister on matters related to national security and strategic issues. Established in 1998 under the leadership of Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, the NSC plays a critical role in the formulation of national security policies, addressing challenges related to…

The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty that aimed to combat climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on December 11, 1997, and entered into force on February 16, 2005. The protocol was negotiated under the framework of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which was…

The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) is an international organization comprising seven countries from South Asia and Southeast Asia that are linked by the Bay of Bengal. Established in 1997, BIMSTEC aims to foster regional cooperation in various sectors, including trade, technology, energy, environment, tourism, and cultural exchange. The…

The Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) is an international treaty aimed at preventing the spread of nuclear weapons and promoting the peaceful use of nuclear energy. Signed in 1968, it has been one of the cornerstones of global efforts to prevent nuclear warfare and ensure nuclear security. The treaty has three main objectives: India, however, has consistently…