Full Forms:
- CPCB: Central Pollution Control Board
- SPCB: State Pollution Control Board
Roles and Responsibilities of CPCB:
The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) is an autonomous organization under the Ministry of Environment, Forests, and Climate Change (MoEFCC) of the Government of India. It was constituted under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, and later empowered under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.
- Formulation of Standards: CPCB is responsible for setting air and water quality standards and parameters. These standards serve as the guidelines for pollution control in industrial processes and urban areas.
- Monitoring Pollution Levels: The board monitors air, water, and soil quality across the country through its network of environmental laboratories and monitoring stations. This includes regular surveillance to assess the environmental health of various regions.
- Regulation and Enforcement: The CPCB plays a key role in enforcing environmental regulations and laws related to air and water quality, including issuing directions for industrial activities that impact the environment. It coordinates with state-level bodies to ensure compliance.
- Awareness and Education: The CPCB organizes campaigns and programs aimed at educating the public about pollution control and environmental protection. This involves awareness programs targeting industries, educational institutions, and communities.
- Research and Development: The CPCB undertakes research initiatives related to pollution control technologies, air and water treatment, waste management, and environmental impact assessment.
Roles and Responsibilities of SPCB:
The State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) operates at the state level and plays a critical role in ensuring the enforcement of environmental laws and regulations within its jurisdiction. It works in close coordination with the CPCB.
- Regulating Industries: SPCBs ensure that industries comply with pollution control norms. They issue necessary licenses and permits for industries that engage in processes likely to affect air and water quality.
- Monitoring Environmental Quality: SPCBs regularly monitor the quality of air, water, and soil within the state, providing data and reports that feed into the CPCB’s national framework.
- Implementing Government Policies: The SPCBs implement national and state-level policies on pollution control, including programs related to waste management, recycling, and sustainable industrial practices.
- Public Awareness: Like the CPCB, SPCBs engage in raising awareness about the environmental impacts of industrial and agricultural activities. They provide training and information on best practices for pollution control.
- Collaboration with Local Authorities: SPCBs collaborate with municipal corporations, local bodies, and other stakeholders to improve urban sanitation, manage solid waste, and reduce pollution at the grassroots level.