The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite measure developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in 1990 to assess the social and economic development levels of countries. Unlike traditional economic measures such as GDP per capita, HDI focuses on a broader understanding of well-being and quality of life, combining multiple dimensions of human…
Tag: india
Origin of the Backward Classes Movement in India
The Backward Classes Movement in India refers to the socio-political efforts made by groups historically categorized as “backward” or “underprivileged” in Indian society, particularly those belonging to the Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), and Other Backward Classes (OBCs). The movement has been crucial in advocating for the upliftment of these groups, seeking social, economic,…
Make a distinction between old and new social movements
Social movements have evolved over time, with distinct characteristics and strategies, especially in response to changing societal conditions, political climates, and economic structures. The distinction between “old” and “new” social movements reflects this transformation. While both types of movements seek societal change, they differ in their objectives, organizational structures, ideologies, and the methods they use…
The Theory of Relative Deprivation
The Theory of Relative Deprivation is a sociological concept that helps explain why individuals or groups feel discontented and why such feelings can lead to collective action or social movements. Unlike absolute deprivation, which refers to a lack of basic resources, relative deprivation is based on perceived inequality — when people compare themselves to others…
The meaning and components of social movements
A social movement is a collective, organized, and sustained effort by a group of people to promote or resist change in society. It emerges when people come together to address grievances, inequalities, or injustices, and it often challenges the existing social, economic, or political order. Social movements operate outside established political institutions but aim to…
Gandhian and Marxian Frameworks of Studying Social Movements in India
The study of social movements in India can be approached through various theoretical frameworks. Two of the most influential and contrasting frameworks are the Gandhian and Marxian perspectives. Both offer distinct views on the causes, strategies, and objectives of social movements, yet they also intersect in some key areas, especially concerning the themes of justice,…
The New Social Movements
The concept of new social movements (NSMs) refers to a category of social movements that emerged in the late 20th century, distinct from the traditional labor or class-based movements that focused primarily on economic issues. These movements are characterized by their emphasis on identity, cultural values, social rights, and environmental concerns, rather than the pursuit…
Political Role of Students’ Movement in India
The student movement in India has played a significant and transformative role in the country’s political landscape. Rooted in the socio-political struggles of the post-independence period, the student movements have been instrumental in challenging authority, raising awareness about social injustices, and demanding democratic reforms. Throughout history, students have been at the forefront of various political…
The Impact of Globalization on Social Movements in India
Globalization, which refers to the increased interconnectedness and interdependence of the world through the exchange of goods, services, information, and cultural influences, has had a profound impact on social movements worldwide. In India, globalization has created both opportunities and challenges for various social movements. On the one hand, globalization has enabled movements to access international…
The Fisher Folks’ Movement in India
The Fisher Folks’ Movement in India is a significant chapter in the country’s broader struggle for the rights of marginalized communities, focusing specifically on the rights of the fishing community. The movement primarily aims to address the socio-economic issues faced by fisherfolk, raise awareness about the importance of sustainable fishing practices, and demand the protection…
Briefly explain the People’s Movement for the Protection of the Environment
The People’s Movement for the Protection of the Environment in India has been a significant part of the country’s environmental history, driven by local communities and grassroots organizations. This movement is characterized by its involvement of ordinary citizens in the protection of natural resources and ecosystems. It represents a deep-rooted connection between local communities and…
The outreach and problems of the Women’s Movement
The women’s movement in India has played a pivotal role in advocating for women’s rights, challenging patriarchal norms, and striving for gender equality. Over the years, it has evolved from being a narrow reformist initiative into a broader and more inclusive struggle addressing diverse issues that affect women across different classes, castes, and communities. The…