Tag: ignou

The cooperative movement in India has played a crucial role in the agricultural sector, aiming to address issues of poverty, inequality, and inefficiency in the rural economy. The movement focuses on collective action by farmers to pool resources, reduce exploitation, and improve access to services like credit, inputs, and marketing. Key aspects of the cooperative…

The demand for state autonomy in India has been a recurring issue since the country’s independence. The federal system, as designed by the Indian Constitution, balances power between the Union and the States. However, over the decades, certain factors have led to increasing calls for greater state autonomy. These demands for autonomy are often rooted…

Protest movements in India have been an essential aspect of its socio-political fabric, serving as a means for marginalized and oppressed sections of society to voice their grievances. These movements have evolved over time, reflecting changes in the political, social, and economic landscape. Below are the key patterns of protest movements in India: In sum,…

Liberalisation, introduced in India in 1991, marked a significant shift in the country’s economic policy, moving away from a state-controlled, protectionist economy toward a more market-oriented, open economy. While liberalisation has brought about higher GDP growth, increased foreign investment, and the emergence of a strong services sector, it has also deepened existing regional imbalances. Certain…

Regional disparities in human development refer to the unequal distribution of social, economic, and health outcomes across different regions of India. Despite the country’s overall progress in various sectors, significant gaps remain between states in terms of income levels, education, healthcare, and quality of life. Conclusion:In conclusion, regional disparities in human development in India are…

Union-State relations in India have been characterized by both cooperation and conflict, primarily due to the federal structure of governance outlined in the Indian Constitution. The Indian federal system, while intended to balance the powers of the Union and the States, has often witnessed tensions across various political, economic, and social domains. These tensions are…

Land reforms in India were implemented post-independence with the aim of improving agricultural productivity, reducing poverty, and ensuring social justice. These reforms were particularly crucial in addressing the deep-rooted inequalities in land ownership and the exploitative practices that characterized the agrarian structure during British colonial rule. However, while land reforms aimed at promoting equity and…

Communal politics refers to the use of religious, ethnic, or communal identities for political purposes, often involving the manipulation of these identities to mobilize support or create divisions within society. In contemporary India, communal politics has been a significant and often contentious aspect of the political landscape, particularly since the 1980s. The interplay between religion,…

State politics in India has undergone significant transformations since the 1970s, reflecting a shift in political dynamics, economic policies, social movements, and regional aspirations. These changes have been influenced by factors such as economic liberalization, caste and class struggles, ethnic identities, the rise of regional political parties, and the federal structure of the Indian state….

The assertion of backward castes in India refers to the increasing demand for social, political, and economic rights by historically marginalized and disadvantaged caste groups, particularly those classified as Other Backward Classes (OBCs). This movement has played a significant role in shaping contemporary Indian politics, society, and policy, with the backward castes demanding justice, reservation,…

The concept of “development as freedom” is primarily associated with the economist and philosopher Amartya Sen, who argues that true development cannot be measured merely by economic growth or wealth accumulation but must focus on the expansion of individuals’ freedoms and capabilities. Sen’s approach redefines development by emphasizing human well-being, social justice, and empowerment rather…

Communal politics refers to the use of religious or ethnic identity as a political tool to gain power, often leading to division, conflict, and polarization within society. In India, communal politics has been a significant and complex issue, as the country is home to a diverse range of religious, linguistic, and cultural groups. While India’s…