The Industrial Policy Resolution (IPR) of 1956 was a landmark document that laid the foundation for India’s industrial development in the post-independence period. Building on the first Industrial Policy of 1948, the 1956 resolution articulated a socialist vision for India’s economic growth and emphasized the central role of the public sector. 1. Objectives of the…
Response of the States to Economic Reforms
The economic reforms initiated in India in 1991 marked a significant shift from a centrally planned economy to a market-oriented one. These liberalization policies had far-reaching implications for the states, which were now expected to play a more proactive role in economic governance, investment promotion, and fiscal responsibility. States responded to these reforms in varied…
The policies introduced by the state that have contributed to agrarian transformation in India
Agrarian transformation in India has been shaped by a series of policies that have sought to modernize agriculture, improve productivity, and ensure the welfare of rural communities. Since independence, successive governments have implemented policies to address the various challenges faced by the agrarian sector, including land reforms, irrigation, credit facilities, and the promotion of agricultural…
The concept of development assumes different meanings to different people in varying contexts.
Development is a multifaceted concept that holds different meanings for different people depending on their social, economic, political, and cultural contexts. It has evolved from being a purely economic notion focused on growth and modernization to a broader, more inclusive understanding that incorporates social justice, environmental sustainability, and human well-being. The diverse interpretations of development…
Electoral malpractices in India
Electoral malpractices in India refer to unethical or illegal activities that undermine the fairness and transparency of the electoral process. Despite the robust electoral framework in India, there are persistent issues related to malpractices that distort the integrity of elections. Some of the most common electoral malpractices include: 1. Vote Buying and Electoral Bribery One…
Characteristics of protest movements in India
Protest movements in India have been an integral part of the country’s socio-political landscape. From the colonial era to the present day, protests have served as a powerful tool for social, political, and economic change. These movements are often diverse in nature, reflecting the complexity of India’s plural society. The following are some key characteristics…
Constitutional amendment affecting Union-State relations in India
Over the years, several amendments to the Indian Constitution have significantly impacted the Union-State relationship, with the balance of power between the Union and states evolving. Some amendments have reinforced the powers of the Union, while others have aimed at enhancing the autonomy of states. Here are a few important amendments affecting Union-State relations: 1….
Constitutional mechanisms for resolution of inter-state conflicts
Inter-state conflicts in India arise from various issues such as water sharing, territorial disputes, and differing political or economic interests between states. The Indian Constitution provides several mechanisms to resolve these conflicts, with an emphasis on maintaining national unity and harmony while respecting the autonomy of states. Some of the key constitutional provisions and mechanisms…
The response of the nationalists to religious diversity and communalism
The Indian nationalist movement, particularly during the British colonial period, was deeply engaged with issues of religious diversity and communalism. The response of the nationalists to these issues was complex and evolved over time. Nationalists sought to create a unified, independent India, but religious diversity presented a significant challenge. The nationalists’ response to religious diversity…
State politics has emerged as an autonomous activity from being a subsidiary of the national politics
State politics in India has evolved significantly, particularly after the 1970s, from being a subsidiary of national politics to becoming an autonomous and more assertive sphere of political activity. This transformation is deeply rooted in the historical, social, economic, and political dynamics of the country, which have contributed to the rise of regional parties, the…
Development means different things to different people
Development is a complex, multifaceted concept that has different meanings depending on the perspective from which it is viewed. The idea of development has evolved significantly over time, and its definition varies across different disciplines, contexts, and societal needs. At its core, development refers to processes that improve the quality of life, enhance well-being, and…
Bhoodan Movement
The Bhoodan Movement, or the Land Gift Movement, was a voluntary land reform initiative launched by the social activist Vinoba Bhave in 1951, with the aim of promoting land redistribution and social equality in post-independence India. Bhave, a disciple of Mahatma Gandhi, sought to solve the issue of landlessness among the rural poor by encouraging…