IGNOUMATIC

St. Thomas Aquinas, a 13th-century philosopher and theologian, is one of the most important figures in medieval scholasticism. His works, particularly his Summa Theologica, continue to shape Christian philosophy and theology. Aquinas is best known for his attempt to reconcile faith and reason, two seemingly contradictory domains that, according to…

Immanuel Kant, one of the most influential philosophers of the 18th century, revolutionized modern philosophy with his transcendental idealism, a central concept developed in his seminal work Critique of Pure Reason (1781). Kant’s philosophical system sought to resolve the long-standing debate between empiricism (which claimed that all knowledge comes from…

Jean-Jacques Rousseau, an 18th-century French philosopher, developed the concept of the General Will (volonté générale) as a central pillar of his political philosophy, particularly in his seminal work, The Social Contract (1762). The General Will represents Rousseau’s vision of a collective will aimed at the common good, serving as the…

Niccolò Machiavelli, often regarded as the father of modern political science, made significant contributions to the understanding and classification of forms of government. In his most influential works, The Prince and Discourses on Livy, he examined different types of political regimes not merely as ideal models but as pragmatic structures…