IGNOUMATIC

Communal politics refers to the use of religious, ethnic, or communal identities for political purposes, often involving the manipulation of these identities to mobilize support or create divisions within society. In contemporary India, communal politics has been a significant and often contentious aspect of the political landscape, particularly since the…

State politics in India has undergone significant transformations since the 1970s, reflecting a shift in political dynamics, economic policies, social movements, and regional aspirations. These changes have been influenced by factors such as economic liberalization, caste and class struggles, ethnic identities, the rise of regional political parties, and the federal…

The assertion of backward castes in India refers to the increasing demand for social, political, and economic rights by historically marginalized and disadvantaged caste groups, particularly those classified as Other Backward Classes (OBCs). This movement has played a significant role in shaping contemporary Indian politics, society, and policy, with the…

The concept of “development as freedom” is primarily associated with the economist and philosopher Amartya Sen, who argues that true development cannot be measured merely by economic growth or wealth accumulation but must focus on the expansion of individuals’ freedoms and capabilities. Sen’s approach redefines development by emphasizing human well-being,…

Communal politics refers to the use of religious or ethnic identity as a political tool to gain power, often leading to division, conflict, and polarization within society. In India, communal politics has been a significant and complex issue, as the country is home to a diverse range of religious, linguistic,…

Agrarian transformation and land reform movements have been central to the development of India’s rural economy and society. The agrarian structure in India, shaped by centuries of feudal practices and colonial land policies, has been a major source of inequality, exploitation, and rural distress. Land reform movements, which began during…

India’s political system is characterized by a multiparty framework, which allows for a broad spectrum of political ideologies and interests to find expression within the system. The multiparty system is fundamental to the functioning of Indian democracy, reflecting the country’s diversity, pluralism, and federal structure. Since independence, India has witnessed…