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The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization established in 1944 at the Bretton Woods Conference to promote global monetary cooperation, ensure financial stability, facilitate international trade, and reduce poverty. India has been a member of the IMF since its inception and has maintained an evolving relationship with the institution. India’s Role in the…

India’s foreign policy is based on a set of clear and consistent objectives aimed at safeguarding its national interests, promoting regional stability, and enhancing its global stature. Since its independence in 1947, India has pursued an independent and non-aligned foreign policy, focusing on peace, development, and the welfare of its people. The primary objectives of…

The making of Indian foreign policy has traditionally been the domain of the government and the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA). However, in recent decades, social movements, NGOs, and think tanks have increasingly played important roles in shaping and influencing India’s foreign policy. 3.1 Social Movements: Social movements in India, such as those advocating for…

India’s engagement with South-East Asia has evolved significantly over the past few decades, transitioning from limited interactions to a comprehensive strategic partnership. This transformation is primarily driven by the “Act East Policy,” which aims to enhance economic, political, and cultural ties with the region.(Wikipedia) 5.1 Historical Context India’s historical connections with South-East Asia date back…

Definition and Conceptual Basis: Humanitarian intervention refers to the use of military or non-military force by a state or a group of states within the territory of another sovereign state, without the consent of its government, with the primary aim of preventing or stopping widespread human suffering, especially in the case of gross human rights…

Understanding the Debate: The environment versus development debate is one of the central dilemmas in modern public policy and global discourse. It revolves around the challenge of achieving economic development, especially in the Global South, without causing irreparable damage to the environment. The core question is: how can nations pursue industrial growth, infrastructure expansion, and…

The media plays a crucial role in shaping the public discourse, informing citizens, and influencing government policies. In the context of foreign policy, the media acts as both a facilitator and a challenge, influencing public perception, framing international issues, and acting as an intermediary between the government and the public. The media’s influence on foreign…

The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) is an international organization comprising seven countries from South Asia and Southeast Asia that are linked by the Bay of Bengal. Established in 1997, BIMSTEC aims to foster regional cooperation in various sectors, including trade, technology, energy, environment, tourism, and cultural exchange. The…

The Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) is an international treaty aimed at preventing the spread of nuclear weapons and promoting the peaceful use of nuclear energy. Signed in 1968, it has been one of the cornerstones of global efforts to prevent nuclear warfare and ensure nuclear security. The treaty has three main objectives: India, however, has consistently…

India and the United States share a complex and multifaceted relationship, characterized by periods of cooperation, competition, and divergence. The post-Cold War era, particularly after the 1990s, marked a significant shift in India-US relations, transforming them from a phase of Cold War-era rivalry to one of strategic partnership. The evolving nature of this relationship can…

Indian foreign policy is shaped by a combination of historical factors, geopolitical considerations, economic needs, and strategic interests. The key determinants that influence India’s foreign policy include: In conclusion, India’s foreign policy is a complex and multifaceted approach influenced by historical, geopolitical, economic, and strategic factors. It seeks to protect its sovereignty, enhance economic growth,…

The ‘Nehruvian Consensus’ refers to the set of guiding principles and policies formulated by Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first Prime Minister, which shaped the country’s foreign policy in the early years after its independence in 1947. This consensus, primarily influenced by Nehru’s ideals and vision, became the cornerstone of Indian foreign policy for several decades and…